Conjunctions Explained: How to Use Them Correctly and Improve Your Writing
- AGrader Learning Centre
- 2 days ago
- 5 min read
Conjunctions are the unsung heroes of writing. These small but powerful words help us link ideas, add variety to our sentences, and express complex thoughts with clarity. Whether you're a student preparing for the PSLE English exam or simply someone who wants to improve your writing skills, understanding conjunctions is essential. In this guide, we will answer key questions such as: What are conjunctions? What are examples of conjunctions? And what are the 4 types of conjunctions? We'll also explore common mistakes, grammar tips, and why mastering English conjunctions is crucial for success.
What Are Conjunctions?
A conjunction is a word or phrase that connects different parts of a sentence. These are words that join together other words, phrases, or clauses, ensuring that your sentences flow smoothly and logically. Without conjunctions, we would be left with a series of disconnected thoughts.
In the English language, there are three main types of conjunctions:
1. Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS)
A coordinating conjunction connects two independent clauses or words and phrases of equal importance. The easiest way to remember them is with the acronym FANBOYS, which stands for:
For (shows reason)
And (adds information)
Nor (joins two negative options)
But (shows contrast)
Or (presents a choice)
Yet (introduces an unexpected contrast)
So (shows cause and effect)
Examples:
She likes apples, but she does not like oranges.
You can go out to play, or you can stay home and read.
These often connect two independent clauses, helping form a complete sentence.
2. Subordinating Conjunctions
A subordinating conjunction links a dependent (or subordinate) clause to an independent clause. These are used to create complex sentences by showing relationships such as cause and effect, contrast, time, or condition.
Common subordinating conjunctions include: because, although, since, while, unless, if, when, and until.
Examples:
I stayed home because it was raining.
Although he was tired, he continued studying.
These words help define the relationship between a subordinate clause and the rest of the sentence.
3. Correlative Conjunctions
These come in pairs and work together to connect sentence elements. When using these, it's crucial to maintain parallel structure in your sentence.
Common pairs include:
either...or
neither...nor
both...and
not only...but also
Examples:
Either James or Sarah will present the report.
She is not only talented but also hardworking.
Maintaining a pair of correlative words ensures that your sentence is balanced and grammatically correct.
4. Conjunctive Adverbs
While not always grouped with the main types of linking words, conjunctive adverbs serve a similar purpose. These include words like however, therefore, meanwhile, and consequently. They join two independent clauses, often appearing after a semicolon.
Example:
He didn’t study; therefore, he failed the test.
Conjunctive adverbs function like a bridge between ideas and help clarify the relationship between two thoughts.
Common Conjunction Mistakes
Even though these are small words, using them incorrectly can lead to major grammatical issues. Here are some frequent mistakes:
A. Using the Wrong Conjunction
Some linking words may seem interchangeable but actually convey different meanings..
Wrong: I stayed home but it was raining.
Correct: I stayed home because it was raining.
B. Overusing "And"
"And" is the most commonly used conjunction, but relying on it too much can make your writing repetitive and dull.
Wrong: I went to the park and I played football and I ate ice cream.
Correct: I went to the park, where I played football, then I ate ice cream.
C. Incorrect Use of Correlative Conjunctions
These always come in pairs. Mixing them up leads to awkward or incorrect sentences.
Wrong: Neither Jack or Jill likes running.
Correct: Neither Jack nor Jill likes running.
D. Run-on Sentences Due to Missing Conjunctions
Failing to include a conjunction can turn two clauses into a run-on sentence.
Wrong: I was tired I went to bed early.
Correct: I was tired, so I went to bed early.
Tips to Improve Your Use of Conjunctions
Mastering these connecting words takes time and consistent practice. Here are practical ways to sharpen your skills:
1. Read Regularly
Books, articles, and essays expose you to various sentence structures and connecting words in real context. Notice how authors vary their use of these words to keep the writing engaging.
2. Practise Grammar Exercises
Use workbooks, online quizzes, and English apps to practise identifying and using connecting words correctly. Repetition reinforces learning.
3. Vary Your Sentence Structure
Instead of always writing simple sentences, try combining ideas with different linking words. This not only improves your grammar but also makes your writing more interesting.
4. Proofread Your Work
Always review your writing. Check whether your sentence elements are properly connected and whether the group of words you used forms complete sentences.
In the parts of a sentence, connecting words play a critical role. They make it possible to form complex sentences, connect ideas, and add depth to your writing. Whether you are stringing together two independent clauses, adding a prepositional phrase, or balancing a pair of related linking terms, each choice affects your clarity and tone.
Remember:
A connecting word brings elements together.
The acronym FANBOYS can help you remember common coordinating words
Subordinating words are vital for linking subordinate clauses and adding nuance.
Correlative pairs must be used together for correct grammar.
By understanding how these words join ideas meaningfully, you’ll be better equipped to write fluid, engaging, and grammatically sound compositions. Keep reading, keep writing, and keep practising—improvement is just one word away!
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